Loom tor weaving coach-lace



UNITED STATES PATENT GFFTQE.

JAS. H. MURRILL, OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

LOOM FOR WEAVING COACH-LACE.

Specification of Letters Fatent No. 10,096, dated October 45, 1853.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES H. MURRILL, ofRichmond, in the county of Henrico and State of Virginia, have inventeda new and useful Improvement in Looms for l/Veaving Coach-Lace and otherPiled Fabrics; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of thesame, reference being had to the annexed drawings, forming part of thespecification, in which- Figure 1 is a plan o-f the loom. Fig. 2 is aside elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is an end elevation. Fig. i shows theconstruction of the pliers and the action of the finger o upon them.Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the shuttle through the spring B.Fig. 6 shows the levers E and i and the manner in which they act uponthe spring B for throwing the machine out of gear.

Similar letters refer to the same part of the loom.

My invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of coach lace andother piled fabrics, the figured pile of which it is well known isformed upon needles passed under the figured warp selected by thejacquard, while the weft driven home by a reed completes the process asin ordinary weaving.

The machinery by which these needles are removed from the finishedportion of the fabric and inserted at the proper time in front of thereed forms the principal feature of my invention, which consists inpassing the warp over a cylindrical stand, while slightly exterior toits axis is a horizontal shaft upon which is a pair of pliers sooperated by means of cams and whirls, as to have a revolving motion withthe axis, together with a motion of translation in the direction of theaxis; also, in connection with the pliers is a finger operated bysuitable cams; which closes and opens the jaws of the pliers at theproper moment, the effect of this combination being to seize theexterior needle in the finished portion of the fabric, withdraw it fromthe lace, carry it up and backward under the figured warp, and releaseit as the reed advances to drive home the weft; when the plier-simmediately revolve back, and seize another needle which is withdrawn,carried backward, inserted and released in the same manner as thepreceeding. This portion of the loom is furnished with a needle guard bywhich the ordinary ungearing apparatus is operated, so that should aneedle miss, the loom immediately stops.

Another improvement connected with this portion of the loom isconstructing the shuttle box stationary, with the pickers workingthrough a slot in the bottom of the box, the front of the box beingfastened to and movable with the projecting rod, so as to throw themachine out of gear should the shuttle miss.

A further improvement consists in so stretching the heddles that thestrain upon the eyes shall be relieved by springs against which thestretching bar rests.

The ordinary features of this loom will be readily understood from thedrawings by persons acquainted with the art of weaving piled fabrics,and will require but little description; the improved portion l willdescribe suliiciently minute to enable my invention to be understood byall conversant with the art of weaving.

In the drawings A is the frame of the loom, B the jacquard frame, C thedriving wheel, D the shuttle box, and E the reed, which is secured tothe horizontal frame F and has a reciprocating motion in the guides a byreason of the arm ZJ of the bent lever H which has on its extremity aroller running in the groove c of the cam l upon the shaft J this groovec being so constructed as to throw the reed forward at the proper timeand withdraw it after the weft has been driven home by the reed. Thethread L of the warp is carried forward in the usual manner through thereed E, when it is drawn over the cylindrical stand M and tightened uponthe shaft N, by means of the ratchet wheel G and dog Gr.

The arrangement by which the colored threads are operated for making thefigures will not require particular notice, as my improvements do notrefer to that portion of the machine except as regards springs K on therods (Zi. lith this exception my invention does not concern the harnessbut refers arincipally to the machinery which operates upon the warpafter it has come forward of the shuttle box D, which is stationary andconstructed of two parts c and g; the rear c having the cover f toprevent the shuttle from flying out, is securely fastened to the bar zby the arms i, and the front portion g is supported by and movable aboutthe protecting rod y' for throwing the machine out of gear when theshuttle makes a misthrow, as will hereafter be more fully explained. Inthe bottom of the box D is thus formed the slot K, in which the pickrods R move alternately from side to side of the shuttle fbox by meansof the cords S connecting them with the pickstick T which is secured tothe pulley U, and has an oseillatory motion, because of the treadles Vwhich have their fulcra at Z and are operated by the projecting arms mof the cams P and P on the shaft Q, so as to be alternately elevated anddepressed giving the pulley U an alternate partial revolution b-y reasonof the band 7s passed over the pulley and attached to the extremities ofthe treadles V.

rEhe usual method o-f forming the figured pile upon the lace by means ofneedles which are removed from the finished portion of the work andinserted under the colored .warp is not departed from in my machine, andit is in the manner of removing, carrying up, and inserting theseneedles, that the principal feature of my invention consists. riheconstruction of this portion of the loom is as follows- Slightlyexterior to the axis of the cylindrical stand M is the spindle n whichis driven by a band m passed over the whirl 0 and pulley 72 on the shaftJ, and upon this spindle n are the pliers g formed of two parts onecapable of sliding upon the other and constructed in other respects asseen in Fig. (4) these pliers besides the rotary motion they possess bybeing on the spindle n, have also a motion of translation alongthespindle a by reason of the arm r, connecting rod s and lever w; thislever has its fulcrum at t and is caused to have an oscillatory motionby the cams u and o on the shaft Q striking alternately the projectingpin 'w under the lever WV. In connection with this portion of themachine is the finger a upon the rock shaft b', operated by the cam c',through the lever d, pro-jecting pin e', connecting rod f', and arm g ofthe rock shaft b.

rllhe operation of the pliers Q and the machinery connected with them isas follows: rlhe warp being stretched and carried over the stand M inthe same manner as over the usual breast beam of looms, a sufficientnumber of needles are inserted by hand to cover the surface of the standM; the pliers will then commence operating, revolving back in thedirection of the arrow. By the action of the whirl 0 the extremity ofthe lowest needle enters the groove g/ (see Fig. 4) in the lower lip ofthe pliers, at which moment the rock shaft b', operated as abovedescribed, moves forward, the iinger a causing the projection t of thenger a/ to press against the rear extremity of the upper lip Z of thepliers g and push the lip Z over the needle in the groove y, causing itto be held tightly by the pliers; then the cam u commences acting uponthe lever W, causing the pliers to move along the spindle a until theextremity of the stand M is reached, the band :c slipping on the wheel Oduring this operation. This motion of translation draws the needle fromthe fabric in the direction of the stand. As soon as the pliers are freefrom the bottom of the stand M the side motion ceases and they revolveup until they strike against the guide z", the needle held in their lipsdescribing a cylindrical surface, its point passing under the guard 7c.Vhen the pliers strike the guide z" the band ai slips and the cam t,commencing its action upon the lever 1V, causes the pliers to travelalong the spindle n in the opposite direction from the previoustranslation, the needle entering the trumpet Z and passing under thecolored warp.` At this moment the linger a advances by the action abovedescribed, pressing upon the back of the pliers and driving them uponthe wedge m (see Fig. Li), which entering the slot n of the plierscauses the spring e to slip back and release the needle just as the reedadvances to drive home the weft. The needle passing through the slot 0in the side of the trumpet Z is driven up with the weft with the figuredpile formed upon it. The finger a then falls back, suffering the whir oto act and carry the pliers around to the lowest needle, which isseized, withdrawn, carried up, inserted, released, and driven home inthe manner above described. The ends o-f the needles all pass under theshield Zz as they slide over the stand M, and near the point ofwithdrawal they pass between the spring g and the stand, which keepsthem from slipping at the time the pliers strike against them, thusallowing but a single needle to be drawn at each revolution of thepliers. This is seen fully in Fig. 2. In front of the stand M is theroller r', its axis being movable to adjust it to different thicknessesof work.

The ungearing apparatus consists of the usual lever A movable upon thefulcrum I by the spring B working in the slot C', the belt being thrownoff when the spring B occupies the position of the slot nearest theframe. To the right of the spring B and movable about the fulcrum D isthe lever E (see Fig. 6), the lower extremity of which is connected by arod F with the arm H of the protecting rod l7', which acts as a rockshaft between this arm and the stud g supporting the front of theshuttle box D, so that when the front of the box is drawn forward, as isthe case when the shuttle misses, the arm H is thrown back, drawing withit the lower arm of the lever E, and causing its upper arm to pressagainst the spring B, (see Fig. 6,) and throw it into the slot C', Whereits own force carries it to the portion of the slot nearest the frame,operating the lever A so as to throw the band from the driving wheel andstop the loom. The spiral spring a, together with the spring b on theprotecting rod, cause the front of the shuttle box-to resume itsvertical position when the obstruction causing the derangement isremoved.

Besides the guard above described for operating the ungearing apparatuson the missing of the shuttle, there is also a guard against anyderangement in the machinery operating the needles. The following is itsarrangement: On the left of the stand M (Fig. 2) is the shaft Lwoundwith the spring c and having on its extremity the lever Nlconnected with thle spring p, which is so adjusted that the pressure ofa needle against the upper arm of the lever N will be sulicient to keepthat portion of the lever N in a vertical position. The lower arm of thelever N is connected with the rod R', Fig. 3, which passes under thestand M and is attached to the bar S at c (see Fig. 6) so as to draw thebar S toward the frame A when the upper arm of the lever l inclinestoward the stand M, as will be the case when there is no needle to pressagainst it and counteract the spring c. The bar S is attached at oneextremity to the arm T of the rock shaft U, the other arm V of the rockshaft having a projection e which runs over the perimeter of the notchedwheel 1V upon the shaft Q. The operation of this guard is as follows:The notched wheel W is so arranged that the projection c of the arm V ofthe rock shaft U will fall into the notch f at the moment the needlepassed through the trumpet Z should strike the upper arm of the lever Nand keep it in a vertical posi tion; as the projection e rises out ofthe notch f the arm T of the rock shaft U will push the bar S forwardthrough the slot t in the lever i and the loom continue working. Butshould there be no needle passed through the trumpet Z owing to somederangement of the pliers g, the upper arm of the lever N will falltoward the stand M causing the bar S as before stated to be drawn towardthe frame A and the shoulder m of the bar S to press against the lever i(see Fig. 6), so that, when the projection e rises out of the notch 7"the arm T will not push the bar S through the slot L, but will press itagainst the face of the lever i causing it to throw the spring B intothe slot C', operating the ungearing lever A and stopping the loom` Thesprings K on the rods CZ prevent the strain and consequent wear on theeyes of the harness caused by opening the shed for the shuttle to pass,this will be readily seen in the drawings where the harness is securedto the cross beams K (see Fig. 3), which press against the spiralsprings K wound on the rods CZ causing the springs K to give way to thetension of the harness.

The action of the several parts of my loom having been described indetail it is but necessary to state that the different parts are soconstructed and adjusted that the movement of each shall be at theprecise instant to perform its part of the operation in the best manner.The jacquard, and cams moving the harness performing their functions,while the pliers provide a supply of needles on which the pile is formedas described, and the shuttle operated by the picks throws the weftacross the warp, when it is driven home by the reed and the laycompleted.

Vhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The revolving pliers g' constructed as described and operated by thespindle fn, whirl 0, connecting rod S, lever W and cams u and o, incombination with the finger a constructed and operated as specified,wedge m and cylindrical stand M, by which combination the needles, uponwhich the pile is formed are seized, removed from the inished portion ofthe fabric, carried up, inserted under the colored warp selected by thejacquard for the figure, and released substantially as specified.

2. The construction of the stationary shuttle box D as described, havingits front Sustained by and movable about the protecting rod j so as tooperate the ungearing apparatus upon a misthrow of the shuttle, in themanner specified.

3. The combination of the sliding reed E with the stationary shuttle boxDv when constructed and operating substantially as specified.

4;. The combination of the notched wheel V, rock shaft U', and arms Tand V', with the lever N, spring C, shaft L', rod R, and bar S, arrangedsubstantially as described for operating the ungearing apparatus in themanner specified when a derangement occurs in the machinery operatingthe needles.

5. The springs K arranged upon in combination with the rods CZ by meansof which the strain upon the eyes of the harness is diminishedsubstantially as specified.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name before twosubscribing witnesses.

JAMES H. MURRILL.

Witnesses:

WVM. P. ELLIOT, AUG. HowLn.

